Financial Constraints and the Failure of Innovation Projects
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Corporate Income Taxes , Financial Constraints and Innovation ∗
We examine exogenous changes in state corporate income taxes over the 1988-2006 period and find that tax decreases significantly boost both the quantity, measured by the number of patents, and the quality, measured by citations per patent, of innovative output, while tax increases have little impact on innovation. Most of the impact of tax changes on innovation occurs two or more years after th...
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آب حاصل از بارش منبع تأمین نیازهای بی شمار جانداران به ویژه انسان است و هرگونه کاهش در کم و کیف آن مستقیماً حیات موجودات زنده را تحت تأثیر منفی قرار می دهد. نوسان سال به سال بارش از ویژگی های اساسی و بسیار مهم بارش های سالانه ایران محسوب می شود که آثار زیان بار آن در تمام عرصه های اقتصادی، اجتماعی و حتی سیاسی- امنیتی به نحوی منعکس می شود. چون میزان آب ناشی از بارش یکی از مولفه های اصلی برنامه ...
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Abstract: In the present study, managerial sentiment refers to the pleasant and optimistic feeling of the managers and decision makers in the companies. Optimism can be considered a spiritual state showing ones hope for the future. Talking about a company, it is the manger’s hope for future of the company. Accordingly, the present study examines effects of the managerial optimism on the relati...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: SSRN Electronic Journal
سال: 2013
ISSN: 1556-5068
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2341581